Freed Blacks During The Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1505 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? When Americans think of African-Americans in the deep south before the Civil War, the first image that comes to mind is one of slavery. However, many African-Americans secured their freedom and lived in a state of semi-freedom even before slavery was abolished by war. Free blacks lived in all parts of the United States, but the majority lived amongst slavery in the south. Freed Blacks continued to be treated as less than a citizen than their white counterparts because the practices of discrimination were still deeply rooted in America, especially during the Civil War. Emancipation and military service issues have been linked since the outbreak of the civil war. Fort Sumter news set off a rush to enroll in the United States by free black men. Army units. However, they were turned away because a federal law of 1792 prevented the Negroes from carrying weapons for the United States Armed forces (although serving in the American Revolution and War of 1812). In Boston, disappointed volunteers met and adopted a resolution calling on the government to amend its laws in order to allow them to be registered(Freeman 2017). The Lincoln administration fought with the idea of allowing black troops to be recruited, concerned that such a move would cause the border states to break up. When General John C. Framont in Missouri and General David Hunter in South Carolina issued proclamations that emancipated slaves in their military regions and permitted them to enlist, their superiors sternly revoked their orders. As a result, the Second Confiscation and Militia Act was passed by Congress on 17 July 1862, freeing slaves who had masters in the Confederate Army. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Freed Blacks During The Civil War" essay for you Create order Two days later, slavery in the United States was abolished, and on 22 July President Lincoln presented the preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet. After the Union Army turned back Lees first invasion of the North at Antietam, MD, and the Emancipation Proclamation was subsequently announced, black recruitment was pursued in earnest. Volunteers from South Carolina, presented to his Cabinet the preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation. After Lees first invasion of the North in Antietam, Maryland, was turned back by the Union Army and the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, black recruitment was seriously pursued(Freeman 2018). Volunteers from South Carolina, Tennessee, and Massachusetts filled the first approved African American regiments(Freeman). Enrollment was moderate until African American pioneers, for example, Frederick Douglass urged black men to wind up officers to guarantee full citizenship eventually.Volunteers started to react, and i n May 1863 the Government set up the Bureau of Colored Troops to deal with the thriving quantities of African American soldiers. On account of bias against them, black units were not utilized in battle as broadly as they may have been. Racial separation was predominant even in the North, and oppressive practices pervaded the U.S. military. Isolated units were shaped with black enlisted men and usually leaded by white officers and dark noncommissioned officers. Black officers were at first paid $10 every month from which $3 was consequently deducted for garments, bringing in about a net pay of $7(Beard 2018). Interestingly, white officers got $13 every month from which no garments allowance was drawn. Unequal pay was one all the more glaring notice of their inferior status in the Union Army. The New York Draft Riots happened in July 1863, when the resentment of common laborers New Yorkers over another government draft law during the Civil War started five days of the absolute bloodiest and most damaging revolting in U.S. history(New 2018). Several individuals were slaughtered, a lot more truly harmed, and African-Americans were frequently the objective of the agitators savagery. Confronting a critical deficiency of labor in mid 1863, Abraham Lincolns legislature passed a strict new conscription law, which made every male citizen somewhere in the range of 20 and 35 and every single unmarried man somewhere in the range of 35 and 45 subject to military obligation. In spite of the fact that every qualified man were gone into a lottery, they could pay their way out by enlisting a substitute or paying $300 to the legislature (generally $5,800 today). At the time, that total was the yearly compensation for the normal American laborer, making maintaining a strategic distance from the draft not possible for all except the wealthiest of men. Aggravating the issue, African Americans were absolved from the draft, as they were not viewed as citizens. Mobs over the draft happened in different urban communities, including Detroit and Boston, however no place as gravely as in New York(New 2018). Anti-war papers distributed assaults on the new draft law, powering the mounting outrage of white specialists paving the way to the citys first draft lottery on July 11, 1863. Rioting began early on the morning of Monday, July 13. Thousands of white workers attacked military and government buildings, becoming violent only towards those who tried to stop them. They had moved on to target African American citizens, along with their homes and businesses later that afternoon. In one infamous precedent, a horde of a few thousand individuals, some outfit ted with clubs and bats, raged the Colored Orphan Asylum on Fifth Avenue close 42nd Street, a four-story building lodging in excess of 200 kids. They took bedding, nourishment, dress and different merchandise and set fire to the halfway house, however held back on attacking the kids, who were compelled to go to one of the citys almshouses(New 2018). By a long shot the most brutality was saved for African-American men, various whom were lynched or severely beaten to death(New 2018). All together, the distributed loss of life of the New York City draft riots was 119 individuals, however gauges of the genuine number of individuals slaughtered came to as high as 1,200. The draft riots would devastatingly affect the citys African-American community. While the 1860 statistics recorded 12,414 African American New Yorkers, by 1865 the citys black populace had declined to 9,945 by 1865, the most minimal number since 1820(New 2018). The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 liberated African Americans in rebel states, and after the Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment liberated all U.S. slaves wherever they were. The Fourteenth Amendment passed in 1868 conceded African Americans citizenship, and the Fifteenth Amendment passed in 1870 ensured their entitlement to cast a ballot. However the Reconstruction time frame from 1865 to 1877 was one of dissatisfaction and disappointment for African Americans, for these new arrangements of the Constitution were frequently disregarded, especially in the South(Freeman 2018). Following the Civil War, former slaves tried to give significance to their newfound freedom by rejoining families isolated under servitude, setting up their very own houses of worship and schools, looking for financial independence, and requesting parallel common and political rights(Pitz 2018). Thereafter, the mass of Southern blacks confronted the trouble Northern blacks had gone up against, that of a free persons surrounded by numerous unfriendly whites. One freedman, Houston Hartsfield Holloway, expressed, For we colored people did not know how to be free and the white people did not know how to have a free colored person about them(Beard 2018). The nation was not ready to deal with the question of full citizenship for its newly freed black population(Reconstruction 2018). The end of servitude drove unavoidably to struggle between blacks trying to gain substantive significance into their freedom by declaring their independence from white control, and whites looking to salvage as much of the old order they could. Under the leadership of President Andrew Johnson in 1865 and 1866, new southern state legislature passed prohibitive black codes to control the work and conduct of previous slaves and other African Americans(Beard 2018). Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War(History 2018) Liberated Blacks kept on being treated as not exactly a subject than their white partners in light of the fact that the acts of segregation were still profoundly established in America, particularly amid the Civil War. Freed blacks still experienced the same discrimination and treatment they went through while locked in the chains of slavery. Blacks suffered brutal violence and treatment from their white counter parts. In comparison to the treatment they experienced pre Civil War, former now free slaves still encountered inequalities, unfair treatment, and direct racism post Civil War. Works Cited Black Codes. HISTORY, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-codes. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. Beard, Rick. Black Union Soldiers Fought A Costly Battle For Equal Pay. Military Times, 2018, https://www.militarytimes.com/military-honor/black-military-history/2018/02/12/black-union-soldiers-fought-a-costly-battle-for-equal-pay/. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. Freeman, Elsie et al. Black Soldiers In The U.S. Military During The Civil War. National Archives, 2018, https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. New York Draft Riots. HISTORY, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/draft-riots. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. Black Codes. HISTORY, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/black-codes. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. Pitz, Marylynne. Civil Wars Aftermath Had Profound Effect On Black Families. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2018, https://www.post-gazette.com/life/civilwar/2013/02/17/Civil-War-s-aftermath-had-profound-effect-on-black-families/stories/201302170282. Accessed 18 Dec 2018. Reconstruction And Its Aftermath The African American Odyssey: A Quest For Full Citizenship | Exhibitions (Library Of Congress). Loc.Gov, 2018, https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african-american-odyssey/reconstruction.html. Accessed 18 Dec 2018.

Who Freed the Slaves - 871 Words

Who Freed the Slaves The long standing question of â€Å"who freed the slaves† has been under debate since the conclusion of the Civil War. One side of the argument takes the more obvious claim that emancipation came at the hand of the great Abraham Lincoln. The other side of the argument claims that the Slaves themselves attained their freedom. Both sides have been heavily researched and strongly supported with many facts. Do we give credit to one person for generating the political backing and eventually passing the legislation to emancipate the slaves? Do we give credit to those with so much drive to survive that they manage to escape their lives of oppression? Additionally, the Union Military enabled the Slaves to seek refuge. It would†¦show more content†¦But if he had never lived, it seems safe to say that there would not have been a Thirteenth Amendment in 1865.† (McPherson, Pg.9) Lincoln became the face of abolition and freedom for Slaves and abolitionists. McPherson gave full credit to Lincoln. To give anyone else credit for freeing the Slaves would take an awfully substantial argument, although, McPherson also brings up the argument of the slaves freeing themselves. Many slaves took it upon themselves to escape the confines of their owners and head to the northern states. Knowing the outcome of the Civil War would result in their freedom, many slaves enlisted to fight for the Union Army. In the beginning, many refugee slaves found by Union Military were returned to their lives in the south, but through policy changes and leadership decisions they were put to work in many ways including serving in the Union Army. Lincoln quickly recognized the power the newly recruited slaves provided to the Army. At the same time, this also pressured the President to hold true to his promise of emancipation. â€Å"If they stake their lives for us they must be prompted by the strongest motive†¦the promise of freedom. And the promise being made must be kept† (McPherson pg.8) Credit for freeing the slaves needs to be considered for the Union Army leadership. Often time’s military leadership had little to no guidance from government leadersShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War And The American War Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pageswere made to establish the freedom of the slaves, such as the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution, and the status of freedman. However, with the discontent that was harbored in the former Confederates, â€Å"white southerners [tried to] reestablished civil authority in the former Confederate states in 1865 and 1866†; this thus led to the creation of the Black Codes (Black Codes. History.com). The white southerners tried to regain control over freed slaves, acquire cheap labor and establish whiteRead MoreSlavery During The Colonial Period Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesCheng Qian CIN: 303520717 History 202A Course Number: 17606 2/14/16 Freed Slaves During the colonial period, a lot of black slaves were brought into the land of America; the population of black slaves in the south plantation once reached the amount of 500,000 and they were oppressed by their masters, which are the white people with privilege. The black slaves did not have any freedoms, and even their lives belong to their masters, they could be tortured, killed, or transferred to other peopleRead More Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation Essay884 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclared that all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free (The Library of Congress, 2014). While Lincoln now harbors the fame for ending slavery, his proclamation initially only ended slavery in those states that attempted to separate from the union. The proclamation authorized the recruitment of former slaves into the Union Armies and promotedRead MoreDbq on Slavery793 Words   |  4 Pagesdeclining slavery was visible from the first declared emancipation of slaves by Lord Dunmore in November of 1775. By granting freedom to all slaves who would raise arms against the American rebels, Lord Dunmore hoped to bring more troops into his ranks in Virginia. This movement continued following the Revolutionary period and until the turn of the nineteenth century mostly because of democratic reasons and a less urgent need for slave labor. Direct products of the enlightenment, Revolutionaries oftenRead MoreMargaret Walker s Portrayal Of The White Characters1346 Words   |  6 Pagesthese white characters with humanizing factors and characteristics in order to represent them as something more than evil white slave owners. This novel was published in the 1960’s during the Civil Rights Movement. Critics during that time found the portrayal of the white characters insulting, because they were too well balanced in compa rison to the white citizens and slave owners in the 1800’s. I personally disagree with these critiques, and argue that the white characters Walker writes about beforeRead MoreFreedom Among The African Americans1292 Words   |  6 Pagesexample through the 13th amendment where a former slave could be called a free man yet his freedom was limited and strictly outlined by the government. Slavery, though said to be abolished after 1865, had taken numerous new forms in society to continue the oppression of the colored race. For example, the idea of separate but equal that was once seen as constitutional. There is indubitably irony a between the government acceptance of slaves as freed American individuals and the deprivation of basicRead MoreThe Mindset Of The Racist South879 Words   |  4 Pagesfor just freed slaves. With the laws put into place and the southern feeling that the north is not respecting them after they lost the war. The white south responce to the freed slaves and their rights was to form groups who would scare them and their white supporters. The groups that rose from the ashes of the destroyed south were know as terrorist groups. In response to the new laws the major white supremacist group that formed was the Ku Klux Klan, the KKK were the main group who cause theRead MoreThe Rebellion Of The Gabriel Rebellion1255 Words   |  6 Pagesblack slaves held within the state of Virginia. However, the revolt did not materialize because word spread around before the plan could be executed. Immediately after the governor got wind of the revolt, security was beefed up around Richmond where the uprising had been planned to start. Nonetheless, the rebellion had an impact on the treatment of slaves in Virginia. For instance, the unrestricted movement of slaves within the state was banned along with the practice of hiring out slaves. The governmentRead More The Caribbean’s Cultural History Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pagesvoyage of Columbus in 1492 fortuitously discovered a whole new world and set in motion a chain of events whose profound consequences gave new directions to the histories of Europe, Africa, the Am ericas, and Asia. It was the voyages of Columbus and those who followed him that brought the Americas into the consciousness of the Europeans(Knight 28). Many people question whether the discovery made by Columbus was beneficial or deteriorating for the indigenous people of the Caribbean. It was the explorationRead MoreBlack Men And The Civil War927 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans and slaves are treated badly and have absolutely no say in the government, they aren’t even considered a citizen, Even freed â€Å"Black men† have very little rights, another fine example why things in history makes no sense is that women were treated as second class citizen but then during Jefferson’s time women were one of the most important roles in the white house. Abraham freed slaves also makes no sense during the civil war period he said that slaves under his control were freed but the north

Management in Hospitality Industry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management in Hospitality Industry. Answer: Service Characteristics The hospitality industry is a service sector, which deals with intangible products that are inseparable from people(Fsadni, 206). A business in the industry may provide customer experience, travel, restaurant, casino, and lodging services among others. A service has commercialization challenges because of the need for uniqueness. Quantifying it is not easy hence the differences in quality controls and price mechanism. The industry is unique because of its broad aspects that incorporates events and transportation. Its complex nature allows businesses to operate combined services such as the fast foods and full service restaurants. As a result, it also has numerous employees with skills from different specializations. This inseparability gives it a personal touch of customer experience. This aspect makes employees an integral part of the hospitality marketing and branding. The changing customer demands in global tourism has brought new dimensions into this industry. An example is the S hip Cruise industry, which continues to gain popularity around the world. Service providers take advantage of unique expectations to provide solutions with ideas that are distinct as well as dependable(Cole Sileo, 2017). Technology changes also continue to redefine the industry replacing some human roles with digital applications. For example, the use of websites for information has replaced some employee roles in customer service. The hospitality industry has a business model whose focus is to create value by providing customers with a unique experience that they desire(Carol, Celine, Michael, Brendan, 2015). This means offering customer satisfaction to myriads of customers who have different desires. Its variability allows for creativity so that a restaurant service can include Wi-Fi services as a value addition to its customers. This explains other attributes of a service such as pricing and changes in pricing. The industry has all kinds of categories for different clustered services. The lucrative luxury hotel business faces challenges of insecurity caused by terrorism. Such incidences might not affect small business whose challenges may include high taxation rates. Challenges from the national and international also redefine the business operations. The desire to maximize on potential while reducing the costs leads to constant changes in strategies. Creating a competitive edge in this industry does not ha ve one clear road map; instead, it gives the management team the leeway to become creative. The service department is an example of competitive value addition in the industry(Martin-Santana Moreno-Gil, 2015). The implementation of creative ideas in the industry needs to follow specific industry and national laws. Despite opportunities, the industry has numerous challenges. The increasing customer demand means businesses have to create a competitive edge. Hiring personnel with competent skills becomes a challenge because the industry calls for polished personal and professional skills. Partnerships in the hotel industry are common. Managing a huge pool of talent is difficult yet it defines the performance of an organization. Employees have strengths and weaknesses, which shape the success of their output. Regular training helps to provide solutions to the organization. The innovation factor includes technology in the training. Stakeholder support affects the industry in different ways. Tourists looking for an interesting hotel also consider the airport amenities, social facilities like entertainment centers and shopping malls. Tourist service partners work closely with the stakeholders in order to stream line the industry. This may have barriers especially with multinationals working in foreig n countries(Withiam Katz, 2012). In an effort to overcome barriers, organizations innovate, improve on quality of services and take advantage of new markets. A combination of global and organizational strategies have solutions for the industry challenges. The industry also has limitation in research and branding strategies. Brand Loyalty In the hospitality industry, brand loyalty is critical because of the customer. Across all service industries, the consumer is looking for certain values in an organization. The organization expresses its brand elements in a way that drives the customer interests while retaining their loyalty. The first step towards developing the interest of the customer is to create a strong customer base. Target marketing is one of the tactics used for attracting customers. It enables a brand to locate customer attraction points such as airports, foreign country agencies and the hotel industries. The quick service restaurants are some of the most profitable around the globe (Harrington Michael, 2017). The most common marketing tactics in this case include the 7Ps that attracts customers through strategic positioning of the brand in the right place with the best price, physical evidence, people, partners and promotions(Wirtz, 2012). The use of digital media provides a platform to find customers in their social groups via Instagram, interest group discussions or competitor brand links. Brand elements such as logo, name, image and tagline give the brand the popularity. Multinational companies in the industry often change their brand attributes in reinventing themselves. Hotels under new management may choose to retain these or make changes that suit their objectives(Wheeler, 2012). Offering competent services ensures that the customer comes back for more. Word of mouth advertising is one of the best ways to use old customers to attract new ones. Strong brands have loyal customers who recommend their brand to others. The use of social media anddigital marketing is a plus(Ryu, Lee, Gon, 2012). Brand loyalty sometimes comes because of cultural aspects. Brands with an older reputation or history gain the trust of locals and the international markets. Tourists visiting a new location often ask about the best services in the specific category. Those searching for restaurants and pubs inquire online in the search directories. As part of brand loyalty creation, brands improve on the quality of what they have. Customer satisfaction attributes determine the loyalty. The hospitality industry players use digital media for rewarding customers in an effort to maintain them(Tas Ogut, 2012). Therefore, culture and innovation play a significant role in the performance of a br and. The customer perception helps the brand to reposition itself strategically. This may differ across different locations in regional, national and global brands. Landmark hotels have a connection with modern amenities giving them a competitive edge. Franchising has benefits and challenges. Besides creating branches across the globe, cross border hotels also have to deal with providing standardized measures for quality and operational management. The global market provides an opportunity for franchising. However, the markets are different and some industry players have lost billions for making poor judgements (Economist, 2017). Effects from global economy such as recession and taxation also influence the development of brand loyalty. Unfair competition has led to malicious damage of some brands thereby quenching PR efforts by a brand (PTI, 2017). Therefore a proper plan with an analyisys of such threats is necessary though it may not always work. Digital media challenges are endles. The insecurity in online portals places customers personal data at risk. compromisig this leads to legal actions against a brand. Customer relations may also work for or against a brand. Negative reviews from a few clients may influence decisions by o thers, unless the brand has a counter measure for it. The demand for higly skilled professionals in the industry has caused other brands to retrench employees. Highly trained workers cost more hence the high cost of services. When service providers incur such costs chances of losing customers is high too. Customer expectations and Perception Employers in the industry search for employees who show commitment, good communication and interpersonal skills, leadership competencies, hygiene and organized. It is not easy merging all the necessary skills. The high competition in the market does not guarantee the brand permanent position in the market. The dynamic customer expectation calls for reinvention of brands and service segments in the hospitality industry(Wang, Chen, Chen, 2012). Quality and value measures the performance in most service industries. In hospitality, some customers want safety, reliability and personalised services. Since the customer needs and may be hard to comprehend fully, contemporary organizations invest in strategic innovation that provides a guide for determining and fluffing the customer needs(Heller Pasarsnis, 2011). Modern approaches do not just consider profitability. Instead, value addition elements such proper treatment of employee and showing concern for the environment is important. The h ospitality industrys demand is driven by reliability and responsiveness to customer needs. Some of the tactics used to shape customer perception include fulfilling present and past expectations. This gives an image for the customer to gain trust the brand for the future. The customer expectation and perception also shapes the brand. The modern consumer has demands that a hotel or tourist agency fulfils. Industry segments such as private clubs and events come about because of this need. In the industry, the customer wants to feel valued as they spend their money. Offering value becomes an exchange mode for lodging, entertainment, food, recreational, transport and other services. Entrepreneurship tactics in the industry use this as an opportunity to create new solutions. For example, the entry of Starbucks with its unique coffee blend revolutionized other coffee houses and restaurant approaches(Millman, 2011). The hospitality industry also flows with the customer demands of the 21st Century, which calls for technology and innovation. Most restaurants and hotels have digitized operations. These determine the trend in internet bookings, mobile communications and social media advertising. A brand cannot survive in the market competition without introducin g these tactics. Multinational companies seeking penetration in the local markets incorporate culture into the service operations and brand products depending on the customers attachment to their values. This explains the use of artistic dcor and cultural menu in the hotel industry(Eccles, Ioannou, Serafeim, 2012). The hospitality industry is about the customer and people perception makes a difference. Maintaining good relationships for both the customer and the employee is crucial. Keeping regulations and being eco-friendly also enhance a brand. (Doran Ryan, 2012). Some restaurants take the green label in solidarity with global concerns for the environment. This is an influencing factor in customer perception. More so, in regions where there are concerns about environmental pollution. Hotels have also adopted world themes in commemoration of important events in history. The connection between the hospitality industry and people explains the reason the removal of Trumps name in a hotel recently in Toronto(Austen, 2017). Customers associate a brand name or identity mark with good or bad things therefore the hospitality industry is prone to attack by terror groups and political factions. The development of brand loyalty takes time yet the destruction of customer perception about a brand takes mi nutes. The spread of pictures online about a hotel may either boost or destroy its image and reputation. Bibliography Austen, I. (2017, June 27). Toronto Hotel is scrapping the trump name. New York Times. Retrieved Aug 26, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/world/canada/trump-hotel-toronto-name-change.html?mcubz=1 Carol, L., Celine, B., Michael, M., Brendan, C. (2015). Service quality and customer satisfaction: qualitative research implications for luxury hotels. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality, 168-182. Cole, R., Sileo, L. (2017). Channel optimization in hospitality: Secrets of data driven hoteliers. Veille InfoTourism. Retrieved August 26, 2017, from https://www.veilleinfotourisme.fr/medias/fichier/pcwi-wp-sabre-vfinal_1490000316776-pdf Doran, J., Ryan, G. (2012). Regulation and firm perception, eco-innovation and firm performance. European Journal of Innovaion Management, 15(4), 421-441. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2012). The impact of corporate culture of sustainability on corporate behavior and performance. No W17950. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Economist, T. (2017). The retreat of the global company: the biggest business idea of the past three decades is in deep trouble. The Economist. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21715653-biggest-business-idea-past-three-decades-deep-trouble-retreat-global Fsadni, G. (206, December 7). The human factor: dealing with the five main challenges in hospitality hiring. Hotelier. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from https://ehotelier.com/insights/2016/12/07/human-factor-dealing-five-main-challenges-hospitality-hiring/ Harrington, R. J., Michael, C. O. (2017). QSR brand value: Marketing mix dimensions among McDonalds KFC, Burger King, Subwar and Starbucks. Innternational Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 551-570. Heller, B. C., Pasarsnis, G. (2011). From social media to Social CRM; reinventing the customer relationship. Strategy Leadership, 39(6), 27-34. Martin-Santana, J., Moreno-Gil, S. (2015). Understanding the image of self-contained and serviced apartments. The Case of Sun and Beach destinations. Journal of hospitality tourism research, 39(3). Millman, D. (2011, September 27). How starbucks tranformed coffee from a commodity into a $4 Slpudge. fast Company. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from https://www.fastcompany.com/1777409/how-starbucks-transformed-coffee-commodity-4-splurge PTI. (2017, May 23). Breakfast at Dalit home: Yeddyurappa accuses congress of indulging in malicious campaign. Financial Express. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/breakfast-at-dalit-home-yeddyurappa-accuses-cong-of-indulging-in-malicious-campaign/680615/ Ryu, K., Lee, H. R., Gon, K. W. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment food, and service on restaurant image, customer percieved value, customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 200-223. Tas, B. K., Ogut, O. (2012). The influence of the internet customer reviews on online sales and prices in the hotel industry. The Service Industries Journal, 32(4), 197-214. Wang, C. H., Chen, K., Chen, S. (2012). Total quality management market orientation and hotel perfomance: The moderating effects of the external environmental factors. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 119-129. Wheeler, A. (2012). Designing brand identity: An essential guide for the whole branding team. . JOhn Wiley Sons. Wirtz, J. (2012). Essentials of services marketing. FT Press. Withiam, G., Katz, J. (2012). The international hospitality industry: Overcoming the barriers to growth. The Center for Hospitality Research.

Management in Hospitality Industry Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management in Hospitality Industry. Answer: Service Characteristics The hospitality industry is a service sector, which deals with intangible products that are inseparable from people(Fsadni, 206). A business in the industry may provide customer experience, travel, restaurant, casino, and lodging services among others. A service has commercialization challenges because of the need for uniqueness. Quantifying it is not easy hence the differences in quality controls and price mechanism. The industry is unique because of its broad aspects that incorporates events and transportation. Its complex nature allows businesses to operate combined services such as the fast foods and full service restaurants. As a result, it also has numerous employees with skills from different specializations. This inseparability gives it a personal touch of customer experience. This aspect makes employees an integral part of the hospitality marketing and branding. The changing customer demands in global tourism has brought new dimensions into this industry. An example is the S hip Cruise industry, which continues to gain popularity around the world. Service providers take advantage of unique expectations to provide solutions with ideas that are distinct as well as dependable(Cole Sileo, 2017). Technology changes also continue to redefine the industry replacing some human roles with digital applications. For example, the use of websites for information has replaced some employee roles in customer service. The hospitality industry has a business model whose focus is to create value by providing customers with a unique experience that they desire(Carol, Celine, Michael, Brendan, 2015). This means offering customer satisfaction to myriads of customers who have different desires. Its variability allows for creativity so that a restaurant service can include Wi-Fi services as a value addition to its customers. This explains other attributes of a service such as pricing and changes in pricing. The industry has all kinds of categories for different clustered services. The lucrative luxury hotel business faces challenges of insecurity caused by terrorism. Such incidences might not affect small business whose challenges may include high taxation rates. Challenges from the national and international also redefine the business operations. The desire to maximize on potential while reducing the costs leads to constant changes in strategies. Creating a competitive edge in this industry does not ha ve one clear road map; instead, it gives the management team the leeway to become creative. The service department is an example of competitive value addition in the industry(Martin-Santana Moreno-Gil, 2015). The implementation of creative ideas in the industry needs to follow specific industry and national laws. Despite opportunities, the industry has numerous challenges. The increasing customer demand means businesses have to create a competitive edge. Hiring personnel with competent skills becomes a challenge because the industry calls for polished personal and professional skills. Partnerships in the hotel industry are common. Managing a huge pool of talent is difficult yet it defines the performance of an organization. Employees have strengths and weaknesses, which shape the success of their output. Regular training helps to provide solutions to the organization. The innovation factor includes technology in the training. Stakeholder support affects the industry in different ways. Tourists looking for an interesting hotel also consider the airport amenities, social facilities like entertainment centers and shopping malls. Tourist service partners work closely with the stakeholders in order to stream line the industry. This may have barriers especially with multinationals working in foreig n countries(Withiam Katz, 2012). In an effort to overcome barriers, organizations innovate, improve on quality of services and take advantage of new markets. A combination of global and organizational strategies have solutions for the industry challenges. The industry also has limitation in research and branding strategies. Brand Loyalty In the hospitality industry, brand loyalty is critical because of the customer. Across all service industries, the consumer is looking for certain values in an organization. The organization expresses its brand elements in a way that drives the customer interests while retaining their loyalty. The first step towards developing the interest of the customer is to create a strong customer base. Target marketing is one of the tactics used for attracting customers. It enables a brand to locate customer attraction points such as airports, foreign country agencies and the hotel industries. The quick service restaurants are some of the most profitable around the globe (Harrington Michael, 2017). The most common marketing tactics in this case include the 7Ps that attracts customers through strategic positioning of the brand in the right place with the best price, physical evidence, people, partners and promotions(Wirtz, 2012). The use of digital media provides a platform to find customers in their social groups via Instagram, interest group discussions or competitor brand links. Brand elements such as logo, name, image and tagline give the brand the popularity. Multinational companies in the industry often change their brand attributes in reinventing themselves. Hotels under new management may choose to retain these or make changes that suit their objectives(Wheeler, 2012). Offering competent services ensures that the customer comes back for more. Word of mouth advertising is one of the best ways to use old customers to attract new ones. Strong brands have loyal customers who recommend their brand to others. The use of social media anddigital marketing is a plus(Ryu, Lee, Gon, 2012). Brand loyalty sometimes comes because of cultural aspects. Brands with an older reputation or history gain the trust of locals and the international markets. Tourists visiting a new location often ask about the best services in the specific category. Those searching for restaurants and pubs inquire online in the search directories. As part of brand loyalty creation, brands improve on the quality of what they have. Customer satisfaction attributes determine the loyalty. The hospitality industry players use digital media for rewarding customers in an effort to maintain them(Tas Ogut, 2012). Therefore, culture and innovation play a significant role in the performance of a br and. The customer perception helps the brand to reposition itself strategically. This may differ across different locations in regional, national and global brands. Landmark hotels have a connection with modern amenities giving them a competitive edge. Franchising has benefits and challenges. Besides creating branches across the globe, cross border hotels also have to deal with providing standardized measures for quality and operational management. The global market provides an opportunity for franchising. However, the markets are different and some industry players have lost billions for making poor judgements (Economist, 2017). Effects from global economy such as recession and taxation also influence the development of brand loyalty. Unfair competition has led to malicious damage of some brands thereby quenching PR efforts by a brand (PTI, 2017). Therefore a proper plan with an analyisys of such threats is necessary though it may not always work. Digital media challenges are endles. The insecurity in online portals places customers personal data at risk. compromisig this leads to legal actions against a brand. Customer relations may also work for or against a brand. Negative reviews from a few clients may influence decisions by o thers, unless the brand has a counter measure for it. The demand for higly skilled professionals in the industry has caused other brands to retrench employees. Highly trained workers cost more hence the high cost of services. When service providers incur such costs chances of losing customers is high too. Customer expectations and Perception Employers in the industry search for employees who show commitment, good communication and interpersonal skills, leadership competencies, hygiene and organized. It is not easy merging all the necessary skills. The high competition in the market does not guarantee the brand permanent position in the market. The dynamic customer expectation calls for reinvention of brands and service segments in the hospitality industry(Wang, Chen, Chen, 2012). Quality and value measures the performance in most service industries. In hospitality, some customers want safety, reliability and personalised services. Since the customer needs and may be hard to comprehend fully, contemporary organizations invest in strategic innovation that provides a guide for determining and fluffing the customer needs(Heller Pasarsnis, 2011). Modern approaches do not just consider profitability. Instead, value addition elements such proper treatment of employee and showing concern for the environment is important. The h ospitality industrys demand is driven by reliability and responsiveness to customer needs. Some of the tactics used to shape customer perception include fulfilling present and past expectations. This gives an image for the customer to gain trust the brand for the future. The customer expectation and perception also shapes the brand. The modern consumer has demands that a hotel or tourist agency fulfils. Industry segments such as private clubs and events come about because of this need. In the industry, the customer wants to feel valued as they spend their money. Offering value becomes an exchange mode for lodging, entertainment, food, recreational, transport and other services. Entrepreneurship tactics in the industry use this as an opportunity to create new solutions. For example, the entry of Starbucks with its unique coffee blend revolutionized other coffee houses and restaurant approaches(Millman, 2011). The hospitality industry also flows with the customer demands of the 21st Century, which calls for technology and innovation. Most restaurants and hotels have digitized operations. These determine the trend in internet bookings, mobile communications and social media advertising. A brand cannot survive in the market competition without introducin g these tactics. Multinational companies seeking penetration in the local markets incorporate culture into the service operations and brand products depending on the customers attachment to their values. This explains the use of artistic dcor and cultural menu in the hotel industry(Eccles, Ioannou, Serafeim, 2012). The hospitality industry is about the customer and people perception makes a difference. Maintaining good relationships for both the customer and the employee is crucial. Keeping regulations and being eco-friendly also enhance a brand. (Doran Ryan, 2012). Some restaurants take the green label in solidarity with global concerns for the environment. This is an influencing factor in customer perception. More so, in regions where there are concerns about environmental pollution. Hotels have also adopted world themes in commemoration of important events in history. The connection between the hospitality industry and people explains the reason the removal of Trumps name in a hotel recently in Toronto(Austen, 2017). Customers associate a brand name or identity mark with good or bad things therefore the hospitality industry is prone to attack by terror groups and political factions. The development of brand loyalty takes time yet the destruction of customer perception about a brand takes mi nutes. The spread of pictures online about a hotel may either boost or destroy its image and reputation. Bibliography Austen, I. (2017, June 27). Toronto Hotel is scrapping the trump name. New York Times. Retrieved Aug 26, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/world/canada/trump-hotel-toronto-name-change.html?mcubz=1 Carol, L., Celine, B., Michael, M., Brendan, C. (2015). Service quality and customer satisfaction: qualitative research implications for luxury hotels. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality, 168-182. Cole, R., Sileo, L. (2017). Channel optimization in hospitality: Secrets of data driven hoteliers. Veille InfoTourism. 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